A long time ago @tnt and I came up with the idea to utilize Audio/modem riser boards into FOSS-friendly soft-modems (or voice applications in need of FXO). Those AMR riser boards basically consist of the isolated telephony line interface, a clock source and a MC97 (like AC97) codec chip. The interface is digital samples in Rx + Tx direction, typicalyl at 8kHz sample rate.
You can find some more information and high-res pictures of such AMR boards at AMR Modem Riser - BBS-Revival - Open Source Mobile Communications. We did an associated riser board some years ago, which @tnt now hooked up to an iCE40 FPGA implementing the MC97 codec interface and a usb audio class device on the other side.
The further plan is now to do another board with a PMOD compatible header. This would allow easy attachment to a variety of FPGA boards.